bahasa inggris bisnis 2

1.        Member 1 ( Zamalludin )

a.    Gerund

A gerund is a noun that is formed from a verb, ending in “ing.” When considering gerunds, remember: A gerund always ends with “-ing.” A gerund is always a noun.

Verb + Gerund Phase

My favorite activity is playing some video game

Reading is not his hobby

I hate waiting

They dissccussed an article about telling the truth

b.      Infinitive

The infinitive is the base form of a verb. In English, when we talk about the infinitive we are usually referring to the present infinitive, which is the most common. There are, however, four other forms of the infinititive: the perfect infinitive, the perfect continuous infinitive, the continuous infinitive, &the passive infinitive.

Verb + Infinitive phase

To survive in the big city is my hope

He want to come tomorrow

His dream is to win the contest

The best time to call him is at night

c.       Preposition

A preposition is a word such as after, in, to, on, and with. Prepositions are usually used in front of nouns or pronouns and they show the relationship between the noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence.

Verb + Preposition phase

He had a difficulty with performing mental calculation

This book is based on true story

Get over it

Were about to run out of palm sugar

d.      Adjective + Infinitive

We were surprised to see you tonight

Im so proud to be part of this team

Its imposible to pass the test without studiying

Your boss was upset to hear that you were leaving the company

2.      Member 2 ( fadlilah)

A. Affirmative Agreement
Untuk menghilangkan pengulangan kata pada suatu kalimat kita bisa menggunakan kata “so”atau “too”. Ada perbedaan pada susunan kalimatnya ketika menggunaan kata “so” dan “too”. Silahkan perhatikan rumus berikut:
Ketika hanya ada “to be” pada klausa utama (main clause), maka tenses yang sama dari “to be” digunakan pada klausa kedua (second clause).
Contohnya:

1.     I am hungry = I am hungry, and you are too.

2.    You are hungry = I am hungry, and so are you.

Affirmative statement (to be) + and +                 Subject + to be + too
                                                                              So + to be + subject
Contoh kalimat lainnya:

1.     Their plane is arriving at 7 o’clock, and so is mine.

2.    I am sick, and He is too.

3.    Our class is clean, and so are theirs.

4.    Bella is beautiful, and her sister is too.

5.    My hand writing is bad, and so are you.

Ketika hanya ada kata kerja bantu (auxiliary verb), contohnya: will, should, has, have, must, etc pada klausa utama (main clause), kata kerja bantu nya (auxiliary verb) juga digunakan pada klausa kedua (second clause).
Contohnya:

1.     He has seen her plays = He has seen her plays, and the girls have too.

2.    The girls have seen her plays = He has seen her plays, and so have the girls.

      Affirmative statement + and +                             Subject + auxiliary verb only + too
       (auxiliary verb)                                         So + auxiliary verb only + subject
Contoh :

1.         They will go at noon, and she will too.

2.        He has an early appointment, and so have I.

3.        They have written their lyrics, and so have we.

4.        Richard has lived in Cuba for five years, and they have too.

5.        I should finish the report, and she should too.

Ketika hanya ada kata kerja (verb) tanpa auxiliary verb pada klausa utama (main clause), kata kerja bantu do, does, atau did digunakan pada klausa kedua (second clause) dan tenses nya harus sama.
Contohnya:

1.         We go to school = We go to school, and my brother does too.

2.        My brother goes to school = We go to school, and so does my brother.

Affirmative statement + and +                              Subject + (do, does, did) + too
(single verb except ”to be”)                                    So + (do, does, did) + subject
Contoh kalimat lainnya:

1.         We want to buy a fountain, and she does too.

2.        My mother likes traveling, and so do their mother.

3.        My brother invites him to the party, and my sister does too.

4.        They wrote a good poem, and so did he.

5.        Fred cooked fried rice for his breakfast, and Tina did too.
B. Negative Agreement
“Either” dan “neither” memiliki fungsi yang sama seperti kata “too” dan “so” pada klausa kedua (second clause) dalam kalimat positif (affirmative sentence/ agreement). Kata “Either”dan “neither” ini digunakan untuk mengindikasikan kalimat negative (negative sentence/ agreement). Aturan yang sama juga berlaku untuk penggunaan “to be”, “auxiliary verb” (kata kerja bantu), dan “verb” (kata kerja).
Contohnya:

1.             I didn’t go to the mosque yesterday, and Ali didn’t either.

2.            I didn’t go to the mosque yesterday, and neither did Ali.

Negative statement + and +              Subject + negative auxiliary or “to be” + either
                                                        Neither + positive auxiliary or “to be” + subject
Contoh :

1.       The manager isn’t too happy with the project, and neither is his assistant.

2.      We can’t study in the library, and he can’t either.

3.      You didn’t pay the taxes, and they didn’t either.

4.      My brother won’t accept my father’s decision, and my sister won’t either.

5.    He doesn’t know the answer, and neither does she.

C. Commands (Kata perintah)

Commands adalah kalimat perintah yang langsung di tujukan kepada orang kedua (you) tanpa menyebutkannya secara eksplisit dalam kalimat . kalimat perintah yang positif disebut imperative sentence sedangkan kalimat larangan disebut prohibive sentence. Untuk lebih jelasnya perhatikan contoh berikut:

·         Take care of yourself.

·         Study hard if you want to succeed.

·         Don’t disturb me with your bullshit

·         Enjoy yourself!

·         Do your best!

·         Please open the window!

·         Don’t repeat the same question!

·         Don’t despise him!

·         Don’t tell a lie to me!

·         Please pass me the sugar!

Commands bisa juga dinyatakan dengan subjek dan juga dengan menggunakan kata ‘let’ seperti berikut:

·         Everybody shut up!

·         Tina and hitler stand in front of the class.

·         You mind your business!

·         You keep silent!

·         Let me check your document!

·         Let us work together!

·         Let me show  you the way!

3.      Member 3 (DIAZ WALY ZAKAFARY)

Modal Auxiliaries

Present ability : can, be able to

4.      Can you speak Japanese ?

Past ability : could, was able to

5.      He could play the guitar when he was seven

Present possibility : may, might

6.      May he will be the candidate from our campus for english competition

Past possibility : might

7.      The lecturer might come but it’s not sure at all.

8.      I might not go with you this morning.

Asking for permission : can/ may, I/ we…?

·         Can I borrow your book?

·         Can you trust me?

Asking for giving permission :  you can/ may…

·         You can call me when you have something to ask

·         May I have your schedule for a week

Request : can, could, would you…?

a)      Can you give me earrings?

b)      Could you speak up a bit please? 

Obligation : you should…

a)      We should prepare all the equipments that we need to easier our job

b)      You should finished the paper before the mid test schedule come out

Advisability : what should…?/ she shouldn’t…?

c)      What should I say if mr. Diaz ask me where did I leave it ?

d)     He should not patronize me, that was impolite

Necessity : I have to…?/ do I have to…?/ you must

e)      I have to submit students's score to major before the deadline, only 2 days left.

f)       Do I have to convice him to get in to our weekly program, seriously?

g)      You must be regret, for didn't notice me when we were in biology class tomorrow

Prohibition : you mustn’t…

h)      He mustn't throwing the cold water on to someone argument

i)        You must not smoke in public area

4.      Member 4 ( Diah Wahyuni )

Adjectives

1.      Before a noun

When an adjective is used with a noun, the usual order in English is adjective + noun:

Ex: a black balloon

2.      After be and linking verb

Linking verbs do not express action. Instead, they connect the subject of the verb to additional information about the subject.

Ex: Look at the examples below: natasya is a shopaholic.

3.      As an objective complement

An objective complement can be a noun or an adjective which follows the direct object renaming or modifying it. It is used with verbs like make, name, call, choose, elect, and appoint. It is not set off with commas as an appositive is.

Example: I call my cat Badger.

A verb that has an objective complement in the active voice may in the passive voice have a predicate nominative or a predicate adjective.

            Examples: My cat is called Badger by me. I consider my cat smart. My cat is considered smart by me.

4.      After something, everything etc.

Adjectives come after words like something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, anywhere etc.

Ex: I heard something interesting today. (NOT I heard interesting something today.)

5.      Member 5 ( Riska Erviani )

a.    Modifying a verb

Examples :

-          He looks perfectly

-          Diah answered the question smartly

-          The boss explain it clearly

 

b.    Modifying an adjective

Examples :

-          Today she is very beautifull

-          The concert is very cool

-          Last year his weight was very big

c.    Modifying another adverb

Examples :

-          My team work very totally

-          Adit sings very loudly

-          He runs very quickly